4. Expanding Exchanges and Encounters
The emergence of empires (i.e., Asia, Africa, Europe and the Americas)
resulted from the promotion of interregional trade, cultural exchanges, new
technologies, urbanization, and centralized political organization.
The rise and spread of new belief systems unified societies, but they also
became a major source of tension and conflict.
While commercial and agricultural improvements created new wealth and
opportunities for the empires, most people’s daily lives remained unchanged.
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A. Civics, Government, and Human Rights
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6.2.8.A.4.a
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Analyze the role of religion and other means rulers used
to unify and centrally govern expanding territories with diverse
populations.
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6.2.8.A.4.b
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Compare and contrast the Japanese and European systems
of feudalism and the effectiveness of each in promoting social, economic,
and political order.
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6.2.8.A.4.c
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Determine the influence of medieval English legal and
constitutional practices (i.e., the Magna Carta, parliament, and the
development of habeas corpus and an independent judiciary) on modern
democratic thought and institutions.
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B. Geography, People, and the Environment
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6.2.8.B.4.a
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Explain how geography influenced the development of the
political, economic, and cultural centers of each empire and well as the
empires’ relationships with other parts of the world.
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6.2.8.B.4.b
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Assess how maritime and overland trade routes (i.e., the
African caravan and Silk Road) impacted urbanization, transportation,
communication, and the development of international trade centers.
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6.2.8.B.4.c
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Determine how Africa’s physical geography and natural
resources posed challenges and opportunities for trade and development.
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6.2.8.B.4.d
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Explain why the Arabian Peninsula’s physical features
and location made it the epicenter of Afro-Eurasian trade and fostered the
spread of Islam into Africa, Europe, and Asia.
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6.2.8.B.4.e
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Analyze the motivations for civilizations to modify the
environment, determine the positive and negative consequences of
environmental changes made during this time period, and relate these
changes to current environmental challenges.
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6.2.8.B.4.f
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Explain how the geographies of China and Japan
influenced their development and their relationship with one another.
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6.2.8.B.4.g
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Explain why the strategic location and economic
importance of Constantinople and the Mediterranean Sea were a source of
conflict between civilizations.
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6.2.8.B.4.h
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Explain how the locations, land forms, and climates of
Mexico, Central America, and South America affected the development of
Mayan, Aztec, and Incan societies, cultures, and economies.
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C. Economics, Innovation, and Technology
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6.2.8.C.4.a
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Explain the interrelationships among improved
agricultural production, population growth, urbanization, and
commercialization.
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6.2.8.C.4.b
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Analyze how trade, technology, the availability of
natural resources, and contact with other civilizations affected the
development of empires in Eurasia and the Americas.
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6.2.8.C.4.c
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Explain how the development of new business practices
and banking systems impacted global trade and the development of a merchant
class.
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6.2.8.C.4.d
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Analyze the relationship between trade routes and the
development of powerful city-states and kingdoms in Africa.
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6.2.8.C.4.e
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Determine the extent to which interaction between the
Islamic world and medieval Europe increased trade, enhanced technology
innovation, and impacted scientific thought and the arts.
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D. History, Culture, and Perspectives
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6.2.8.D.4.a
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Explain how contact between nomadic peoples and
sedentary populations had both positive and negative political, economic,
and cultural consequences.
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6.2.8.D.4.b
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Analyze how religion both unified and divided people.
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6.2.8.D.4.c
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Analyze the role of religion and economics in shaping
each empire’s social hierarchy, and evaluate the impact these hierarchical
structures had on the lives of various groups of people.
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6.2.8.D.4.d
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Analyze the causes and outcomes of the Crusades from
different perspectives, including the perspectives of European political
and religious leaders, the crusaders, Jews, Muslims, and traders.
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6.2.8.D.4.e
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Assess the demographic, economic, and religious impact
of the plague on Europe.
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6.2.8.D.4.f
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Determine which events led to the rise and eventual
decline of European feudalism.
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6.2.8.D.4.g
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Analyze the immediate and long-term impact on China and
Europe of the open exchange between Europe and the Yuan (Mongol) Dynasty.
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6.2.8.D.4.h
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Determine the extent to which the Byzantine Empire
influenced the Islamic world and western Europe.
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6.2.8.D.4.i
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Explain how and why Islam spread in Africa, the
significance of Timbuktu to the development and spread of learning, and the
impact Islam continues to have on African society.
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6.2.8.D.4.j
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Compare the major technological innovations and cultural
contributions of the civilizations of this period and justify which
represent enduring legacies.
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