3. The Classical
Civilizations of the Mediterranean World, India, and China
Classical civilizations (i.e., Greece, Rome, India and China) developed and
expanded into empires of unprecedented size and diversity by creating
centralized governments and promoting commerce, a common culture, and social
values.
Cultural exchange and diffusion dramatically increased, and enduring world
religions emerged, during the era of classical civilizations.
Classical civilizations declined as a result of internal weaknesses and
external invasions, but they left lasting legacies for future civilizations.
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A. Civics,
Government, and Human Rights
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6.2.8.A.3.a
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Compare and contrast
the methods (i.e., autocratic rule, philosophies, and bureaucratic
structures; communication and transportation systems) used by the rulers of
Rome, China, and India to control and unify their expanding empires.
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6.2.8.A.3.b
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Compare and contrast
the rights and responsibilities of free men, women, slaves, and foreigners
in the political, economic, and social structures of classical
civilizations.
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6.2.8.A.3.c
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Determine the
foundational concepts and principles of Athenian democracy and the Roman
Republic that later influenced the development of the United States
Constitution.
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6.2.8.A.3.d
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Compare and contrast
the roles and responsibilities of citizens in Athens and Sparta to those of
United States citizens today, and evaluate how citizens perceived the
principles of liberty and equality then and now.
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6.2.8.A.3.e
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Compare and contrast
the American legal system and the legal systems of classical civilizations,
and determine the extent to which the early systems influenced the current
legal system.
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B. Geography,
People, and the Environment
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6.2.8.B.3.a
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Determine how
geography and the availability of natural resources influenced the
development of the political, economic, and cultural systems of each of the
classical civilizations and provided motivation for expansion.
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6.2.8.B.3.b
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Explain how
geography and the availability of natural resources led to both the
development of Greek city-states and to their demise.
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C. Economics,
Innovation, and Technology
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6.2.8.C.3.a
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Analyze the impact
of expanding land and sea trade routes through the Mediterranean Basin,
India, and China.
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6.2.8.C.3.b
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Explain how the
development of a uniform system of exchange facilitated trade in classical
civilizations.
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6.2.8.C.3.c
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Explain how
classical civilizations used technology and innovation to enhance
agricultural/manufacturing output and commerce, to expand military
capabilities, to improve life in urban areas, and to allow for greater
division of labor.
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D. History, Culture,
and Perspectives
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6.2.8.D.3.a
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Compare and contrast
social hierarchies in classical civilizations as they relate to power,
wealth, and equality.
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6.2.8.D.3.b
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Relate the Chinese
dynastic system to the longevity of authoritarian rule in China.
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6.2.8.D.3.c
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Determine common
factors that contributed to the decline and fall of the Roman Empire, Gupta
India, and Han China.
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6.2.8.D.3.d
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Compare the golden
ages of Greece, Rome, India, and China, and justify major achievements that
represent world legacies.
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6.2.8.D.3.e
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Compare and contrast
the tenets of various world religions that developed in or around this time
period (i.e., Buddhism, Christianity, Confucianism, Islam, Judaism,
Sikhism, and Taoism), their patterns of expansion, and their responses to
the current challenges of globalization.
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6.2.8.D.3.f
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Determine the extent
to which religions, mythologies, and other belief systems shaped the values
of classical societies.
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