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Showing posts with label probability. Show all posts
Showing posts with label probability. Show all posts

Wednesday, April 2, 2014

4-2-14 Scattering the Possibilities

MATHEMATICS STANDARDS
GRADES 6-8
MATH GRADE 8: Statistics and Probability

Investigate patterns of association in bivariate data.
RESOURCES
8.SP.1.
Construct and interpret scatter plots for bivariate measurement data to investigate patterns of association between two quantities. Describe patterns such as clustering, outliers, positive or negative association, linear association, and nonlinear association.
 Scatter Plots
8.SP.2.
Know that straight lines are widely used to model relationships between two quantitative variables. For scatter plots that suggest a linear association, informally fit a straight line, and informally assess the model fit by judging the closeness of the data points to the line.
8.SP.3.
Use the equation of a linear model to solve problems in the context of bivariate measurement data, interpreting the slope and intercept. For example, in a linear model for a biology experiment, interpret a slope of 1.5 cm/hr as meaning that an additional hour of sunlight each day is associated with an additional 1.5 cm in mature plant height.
8.SP.4.
Understand that patterns of association can also be seen in bivariate categorical data by displaying frequencies and relative frequencies in a two-way table. Construct and interpret a two-way table summarizing data on two categorical variables collected from the same subjects. Use relative frequencies calculated for rows or columns to describe possible association between the two variables. For example, collect data from students in your class on whether or not they have a curfew on school nights and whether or not they have assigned chores at home. Is there evidence that those who have a curfew also tend to have chores?
Two Way Tables

Tuesday, April 1, 2014

4-1-14 Probability Probably Matters

MATHEMATICS STANDARDS
GRADES 6-8
MATH GRADE 7: STATISTICS PT. 2

Investigate chance processes and develop, use, and evaluate probability models.
 RESOURCES
7.SP.5.
Understand that the probability of a chance event is a number between 0 and 1 that expresses the likelihood of the event occurring. Larger numbers indicate greater likelihood. A probability near 0 indicates an unlikely event, a probability around 1/2 indicates an event that is neither unlikely nor likely, and a probability near 1 indicates a likely event.
What is Probablility?
7.SP.6.
Approximate the probability of a chance event by collecting data on the chance process that produces it and observing its long-run relative frequency, and predict the approximate relative frequency given the probability. For example, when rolling a number cube 600 times, predict that a 3 or 6 would be rolled roughly 200 times, but probably not exactly 200 times.


7.SP.7.
Develop a probability model and use it to find probabilities of events. Compare probabilities from a model to observed frequencies; if the agreement is not good, explain possible sources of the discrepancy.

  • Develop a uniform probability model by assigning equal probability to all outcomes, and use the model to determine probabilities of events. For example, if a student is selected at random from a class, find the probability that Jane will be selected and the probability that a girl will be selected.
  • Develop a probability model (which may not be uniform) by observing frequencies in data generated from a chance process. For example, find the approximate probability that a spinning penny will land heads up or that a tossed paper cup will land open-end down. Do the outcomes for the spinning penny appear to be equally likely based on the observed frequencies?


7.SP.8.
Find probabilities of compound events using organized lists, tables, tree diagrams, and simulation.

  • Understand that, just as with simple events, the probability of a compound event is the fraction of outcomes in the sample space for which the compound event occurs.
  • Represent sample spaces for compound events using methods such as organized lists, tables and tree diagrams. For an event described in everyday language (e.g., “rolling double sixes”), identify the outcomes in the sample space which compose the event.

  • Design and use a simulation to generate frequencies for compound events. For example, use random digits as a simulation tool to approximate the answer to the question: If 40% of donors have type A blood, what is the probability that it will take at least 4 donors to find one with type A blood?




Wednesday, March 27, 2013

3/27/2013 Statistically Speaking

MATHEMATICS STANDARDS
GRADES 6-8
MATH GRADE 8: GEOMETRY
Grade 6 Statistics and Probability
Develop understanding of statistical variability.
RESOURCES
Recognize a statistical question as one that anticipates variability in the data related to the question and accounts for it in the answers. For example, “How old am I?” is not a statistical question, but “How old are the students in my school?” is a statistical question because one anticipates variability in students’ ages.
Understand that a set of data collected to answer a statistical question has a distribution which can be described by its center, spread, and overall shape.
Recognize that a measure of center for a numerical data set summarizes all of its values with a single number, while a measure of variation describes how its values vary with a single number.
Summarize and describe distributions.

Display numerical data in plots on a number line, including dot plots, histograms, and box plots.
Summarize numerical data sets in relation to their context, such as by:
·         Reporting the number of observations.
·         Describing the nature of the attribute under investigation, including how it was measured and its units of measurement.
·         Giving quantitative measures of center (median and/or mean) and variability (interquartile range and/or mean absolute deviation), as well as describing any overall pattern and any striking deviations from the overall pattern with reference to the context in which the data were gathered.
·         Relating the choice of measures of center and variability to the shape of the data distribution and the context in which the data were gathered.


Friday, January 13, 2012

1-13-2012 CCCS Ratios and Proportional Relationships Grades 6


Continuing my way through the standards, offering links, lessons, and ideas to help teach the 
Core Curriculum Content Standards
Math Grade 6
Ratios and Proportional Relationships


STRAND
CPI
SKILLSRESOURCES
Ratios and Proportional RelationshipsThe goal -     Students will connect ratio and rate to whole number multiplication and division and use concepts of ratio and rate to solve problems.
More specifically, students use reasoning about multiplication and division to solve ratio and rate problems about quantities. By viewing equivalent ratios and rates as deriving from, and extending, pairs of rows (or columns) in the multiplication table, and by analyzing simple drawings that indicate the relative size of quantities, students connect their understanding of multiplication and division with ratios and rates. Thus students expand the scope of problems for which they can use multiplication and division to solve problems, and they connect ratios and fractions. Students solve a wide variety of problems involving ratios and rates.
  1. Math Live
  2. Maths Masters
  3. Virtual Manipulatives
Understand ratio concepts and use ratio reasoning to solve problems.
·             
1. Understand the concept of a ratio and use ratio language to describe a ratio relationship between two quantities.
For example,

  • “The ratio of wings to beaks in the bird house at the zoo was 2:1, because for every 2 wings there was 1 beak.” 
  • “For every vote candidate A received, candidate C received nearly three votes.” 
  1. Ratios
  2. Ratio and Proportion
  3. Matching Equivalent Ratios
  4. Ratios and Proportions Introduction
·         2. Understand the concept of a unit rate a/b associated with a ratio a:b with b ≠ 0, and use rate language in the context of a ratio relationship.
For example,

  • “This recipe has a ratio of 3 cups of flour to 4 cups of sugar, so there is 3/4 cup of flour for each cup of sugar.” 
  • “We paid $75 for 15 hamburgers, which is a rate of $5 per hamburger.”1

  1. Ratios, Rates, Percents, and Proportion
  2. Rate Tutorial
  3. Unit Rate Practice
3. Use ratio and rate reasoning to solve real-world and mathematical problems, e.g., by reasoning about tables of equivalent ratios, tape diagrams, double number line diagrams, or equations.
  • Make tables of equivalent ratios relating quantities with whole-number measurements, find missing values in the tables, and plot the pairs of values on the coordinate plane. Use tables to compare ratios.
  1. Rhythm Wheels
  2. Ratio Tables and Proportions
  3. Ratio Tables and Proportions Video
  4. Proportion Workout
  5. Determine the Ratio
  • Solve unit rate problems including those involving unit pricing and constant speed. 
    For example, if it took 7 hours to mow 4 lawns, then at that rate, how many lawns could be mowed in 35 hours? At what rate were lawns being mowed?

  1. Proportion Mini-lesson
  2. Ratio and Proportion Videos
  3. Rate Demos
  4. Practice 
  5. More Practice
  6. Ratio Workout

  • Find a percent of a quantity as a rate per 100 (e.g., 30% of a quantity means 30/100 times the quantity); solve problems involving finding the whole, given a part and the percent.

  1. Ratio, Proportion, Percent, Probability Lessons
  2. Percent Wheel
  3. Percent and Proportions Lesson
  4. Percentage Lessons
  5. With a Calculator
  • Use ratio reasoning to convert measurement units; manipulate and transform units appropriately when multiplying or dividing quantities.

  1. Scale Measures
  2. Converter
  3. Dirt Bike Proportions
  4. Ratio Blaster
  5. Ratio Stadium
  6. Math 6 Spy Guys

Please post a comment below if you have a site or lesson idea to share for teaching this standard.  I would love your input!