MATHEMATICS STANDARDS
GRADES 6-8
MATH GRADE 8: GEOMETRY
Grade 8 Geometry
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Understand congruence and similarity using physical models, transparencies, or geometry software.
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RESOURCES
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Verify experimentally the properties of rotations, reflections, and translations:
· Lines are taken to lines, and line segments to line segments of the same length.
· Angles are taken to angles of the same measure.
· Parallel lines are taken to parallel lines.
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Understand that a two-dimensional figure is congruent to another if the second can be obtained from the first by a sequence of rotations, reflections, and translations; given two congruent figures, describe a sequence that exhibits the congruence between them.
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Describe the effect of dilations, translations, rotations, and reflections on two-dimensional figures using coordinates.
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Understand that a two-dimensional figure is similar to another if the second can be obtained from the first by a sequence of rotations, reflections, translations, and dilations; given two similar two-dimensional figures, describe a sequence that exhibits the similarity between them.
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Use informal arguments to establish facts about the angle sum and exterior angle of triangles, about the angles created when parallel lines are cut by a transversal, and the angle-angle criterion for similarity of triangles. For example, arrange three copies of the same triangle so that the sum of the three angles appears to form a line, and give an argument in terms of transversals why this is so.
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Understand and apply the Pythagorean Theorem.
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Explain a proof of the Pythagorean Theorem and its converse.
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Apply the Pythagorean Theorem to determine unknown side lengths in right triangles in real-world and mathematical problems in two and three dimensions.
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Apply the Pythagorean Theorem to find the distance between two points in a coordinate system.
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Solve real-world and mathematical problems involving volume of cylinders, cones, and spheres.
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Know the formulas for the volumes of cones, cylinders, and spheres and use them to solve real-world and mathematical problems.
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